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с английского на латинский

for the moment

  • 1 in

       in    [old indu], prep. with acc. or abl.    I. With acc., in space, with verbs implying entrance, into, to: in Epirum venire: in flumen deicere: in Ubios legatos mittere, Cs.: Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum, S.—Fig.: in memoriam reducere: in animum inducere, L.: dicam quod mi in mentemst, T.—With verbs of motion, up to, to, into, down to: in caelum ascendere: in aram confugitis ad deum, up to the altar: vas in manūs sumere, into his hands: se in manūs Romanis tradidisse, L.—With verbs of rest or placing, in: adesse in senatum iussit: Minucius in custodiam habitus, thrown into prison and kept there, L.: propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates conlocasse, Cs.—Of direction or local relation, towards, in front of, over against: in orientem Germaniae obtenditur, Ta.: coram in os te laudare, T.: castra movet in Arvernos versus, towards, Cs.: in Galliam versus movere, S.—In time, into, till, for: dormiet in lucem, till broad day, H.: in multum diei, L.: e somno, quem in diem extrahunt, Ta.: indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt, for thirty years, L.: in omne tempus, forever: hominem invitavit in posterum diem, for the following day.— In adverbial expressions with words of time: sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc., hereafter: res dilata est in posterum, to a later day: et in praesentia hi et in futurum metum ceperunt, L.: in perpetuum fore: non in tempus aliquod, sed in aeternum, L.: ex raptis in diem commeatibus, for immediate use, L.: fundum emere in diem, i. e. a fixed day of payment, N.: in dies singulos, each succeeding day: in dies, day by day, L.: nos in diem vivimus, for the moment: in diem et horam, every day, H.: in horas, hourly, H.—Of reference, in relation to, about, respecting, towards, against: id, quod est in philosophos dictum, concerning: carmen, quod in eum scripsisset: in liberos nostros indulgentia: impietates in deos, against: in dominum quaeri, as a witness against: invehi in Thebanos, N.: hominis definitio una in omnīs valet, applies to: in obsequium pronus, H.: in utrumque paratus, V.: in incertum, ne, etc., in view of the uncertainty, whether, L.—Of purpose, for, with a view to: haec civitas mulieri in redimiculum praebeat: Regium in praesidium missa legio, as a garrison, L.: in gratiam sociorum, to gratify, L.: Quos audere in proelia vidi, V.: praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent, L.: in spem pacis solutis animis, L.: Ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc., H.: satis in usum, for immediate wants, L. —Of result, to, unto, so as to produce: in familiae luctum nupsit: Excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, V.: commutari ex veris in falsa. —In the phrases, in tantum, so far, so greatly: nec In tantum spe tollet avos, V.: in tantum suam felicitatem enituisse, L.—In rem esse, to be useful, avail: si in rem est Bacchidis, T.: imperat, quae in rem sunt, L.: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, S.—Of manner, according to, after: ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect: in utramque partem disputat, on both sides: cives servilem in modum cruciati, like slaves: vaticinantis in modum canere, L.: virtutem in maius celebrare, S.: in hanc formulam iudicia: sc. in haec verba factum, L.: in universum, in general, L.: in universum aestimanti, upon a general view, Ta.—Of distribution, into, for, according to: Gallia divisa est in partīs trīs, Cs.: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for each state: sextantibus conlatis in capita, a head, L.—Praegn.: in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant. would fall: in potestatem Locrensium esse, L.    II. With abl., of space, in, within: in cerebro animi esse sedem: quae res in nostris castris gererentur, Cs.: in foro palam Syracusis: (caedes) in viā facta: nupta in domo, L.: copias in castris continent, Cs.: in tuā sedeculā sedere: Heri coīmus in Piraeo, T.: navis et in Caietā parata.—Of position, on, upon, over, among, before, in, under: in equo sedens, on horseback: in eo flumine pons erat, over, Cs.: multā te in rosā urget, H.: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, among, Cs.: in Brutiis praeesse, L.: in manu poculum tenens: est in manibus oratio: gloria in oculis sita, S.: populari in oculis eius agros, under, L.—In, with, wearing, under, clad, covered: in veste candidā, L.: in lugubri veste, Cu.: homines in catenis Romam mittere, L.: in violā aut in rosā, garlanded: legiones in armis, Cs.—Of a multitude or number, in, among, of: In his poëta hic nomen profitetur suom, T.: sapientissimus in septem: eum in tuis habere: iustissimus unus in Teucris, V.—Of writings, in: in populorum institutis aut legibus: in Timaeo dicit: perscribit in litteris, hostīs ab se discessisse, Cs.: in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero, in the style of.—Fig., of mind or character, in: in animo habere: quanta auctoritas fuit in Metello!: in omni animante est summum aliquid.—In phrases, with manibus or manu, at hand, under control, within reach: quamcunque rem habent in manibus: neque mihi in manu fuit Iugurtha qualis foret, in my power, S.: cum tantum belli in manibus esset, on their hands, L.: quorum epistulas in manu teneo.—With loco: in eo loco, in that state, in such a condition: in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc., L.: quo in loco res esset, cognoscere, Cs.: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit, L.—In eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.: cum in eo esset, ut, etc., the situation was such, L.—Of time, in, during, in the course of, within: in tempore hoc, T.: in tali tempore, L.: in diebus paucis, T.: Tam in brevi spatio, T.: in omni aetate: in totā vitā inconstans.—In, while, during: fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus: in dividendo partem in genere numerare: in agris vastandis, in laying waste, Cs.: cum in immolandā Iphigeniā tristis Calchas esset.—In phrases, in tempore, in time, at the right time, seasonably: ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, T.: spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit, L.—In praesentiā, at present, now, for the moment, under existing circumstances: sic enim mihi in praesentiā occurrit: id quod unum maxime in praesentiā desiderabatur, L.—In praesenti, for the present: haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.: talenta centum in praesenti, down, L.—Of condition or occupation, in, subject to, affected by, experiencing, engaged in, involved in: magno in aere alieno: torpescentne dextrae in amentiā illā? L.: diem in laetitiā degere, T.: civitas, quae tibi in amore fuit, beloved: in invidiā esse, L.: quod in summis tuis occupationibus voluisti, etc., when engrossed by: in eo magistratu pari diligentiā se praebuit, N.: esse in vitio, in the wrong: hoc est in vitio, perhorrescere, etc., is wrong.—In the case of, in relation to: numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier? in your case (i. e. towards you), T.: facere in eo, cuius, etc., in the case of the man, Cs.: in furibus aerari, S.: Achilles talis in hoste fuit, V.: in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc., in the case of.— In phrases, with summā, in all, in a word, in fine: in omni summā me ad pacem converto.—With neut. sing. of an adj. (expressing more abstractly the quality): cum exitūs haud in facili essent (i. e. haud faciles), L.: in obscuro vitam habere, S.: in dubio esse, L.: in integro esse: in tuto esse, L.: in aequo esse, L.: in aperto esse, S.: in promisco esse, L.: in incerto haberi, S.    III. In composition, in retains its n before vowels, and before h, c, d, f, g, consonant i, n, q, s, t, v, usually also before l and r, and very frequently before m, b, p. But the n is usually assimilated before m, b, p, and often before l, r.
    * * *
    I
    in, on, at (space); in accordance with/regard to/the case of; within (time)
    II
    into; about, in the mist of; according to, after (manner); for; to, among

    Latin-English dictionary > in

  • 2 tempus

        tempus ōris, n    a portion of time, time, period, season, interval: tempus diei, daytime, T.: extremum diei: omni tempore anni: maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, Cs.: abiit illud tempus: tempus duorum mensum petere, L.: longo post tempore, interval, V.: tempus pacis an belli: matutina tempora, morning hours.—A time, point of time, occasion, opportunity, leisure: neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat, T.: nisi tempus et spatium datum sit: egeo tempore: eo tempore, quo, etc., L.: id temporis, at that time: alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi: edendi, H.: datum ad consultandum, L.: certis temporibus: superioribus temporibus.—Time, duration: tempus est... pars quaedam aeternitatis, etc.: Tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri, i. e. gradually, O.—The time, fit season, appointed time, right occasion, proper period, opportunity: tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam: addubitavit, an consurgendi iam triariis tempus esset, L.: moriendi: tempore igitur ipso se ostenderunt, cum, etc., at the nick of time: tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere, it is the right time: nunc corpora curare tempus est, L. Tempus abire tibist, H.: suo tempore, at a fitting time.—A time, position, state, condition, times, circumstances: in hoc tempore, under present circumstances: in tali tempore, L.: incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.: libri de temporibus meis: cedere tempori, to yield to circumstances: secundis Temporibus dubiisque, H.: haud sane temporum homo, Cu.—In the phrase, temporis causā, with regard to circumstances, under momentary influence, out of courtesy, insincerely: temporis causā nobis adsentiri: nec dico temporis causā.—A time, need, emergency, extremity: quid a me cuiusque tempus poscat: neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt: summo rei p. tempore: pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare, S.: O saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte, to the last extremity, H.: temporis gratiā, to meet the emergency, Cu.—In rhythm or metre, time, measure, quantity: qui (trochaeus) temporibus et intervallis est par iambo: Tempora certa modique, H.—Esp., in phrases with praepp.—Ad tempus, at the right time, in time, punctually: ad tempus redire: ad tempus venire, L.—For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment: quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus: dux ad tempus lectus, L.—Ante tempus, before the right time, prematurely, too soon: ante tempus mori: ante tempus domo digressus, S.—Ex tempore, instantaneously, off hand, on the spur of the moment, extempore: versūs fundere ex tempore.—According to circumstances: consilium ex tempore capere: haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues.—In tempore, at the right time, opportunely, in time: in ipso tempore eccum ipsum, in the nick of time, T.—In tempus, for a time, temporarily: scena in tempus structa, Ta.—Pro tempore, as the time permits, according to circumstances: consilium pro tempore capere, Cs.: te marmoreum pro tempore fecimus, V.
    * * *
    I II
    time, condition, right time; season, occasion; necessity

    Latin-English dictionary > tempus

  • 3 tempora

    tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].
    I.
    Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

    tempus diei,

    daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

    extremum diei,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

    matutina tempora,

    morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

    anni tempora,

    the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

    quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

    erat hibernum tempus anni,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—
    2.
    Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

    longo post tempore,

    Verg. E. 1, 68:

    magno post tempore,

    Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

    brevi post tempore,

    id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

    parvo post tempore,

    Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

    longis temporibus ante,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., time, in general.
    1.
    Lit.
    a.
    In gen.:

    tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

    tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

    neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

    nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

    Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

    vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

    id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

    egeo tempore,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    unius horae tempus,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4:

    aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

    Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

    tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

    Liv. 29, 5, 7:

    triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

    id. 38, 37, 10:

    tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

    ut tempora postulabant belli,

    Liv. 24, 8, 7:

    nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    temporibus Punici belli,

    Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

    mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 26, 69:

    ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

    id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

    Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

    tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

    id. 2, 32, 9:

    privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

    id. 3, 20, 4:

    per idem tempus,

    Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

    quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

    at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

    scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

    Quint. 10, 4, 2:

    non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

    uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

    alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

    dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

    committendi proelii,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

    edendi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

    curandi,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

    tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

    Liv. 34, 33, 5:

    datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

    id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

    id certis temporibus futurum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

    si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

    superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

    id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    illis temporibus,

    id. Lael. 1, 5:

    temporibus illis,

    id. Arch. 3, 6. —
    b.
    In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

    nunc occasio est et tempus,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

    tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

    spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

    id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

    tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

    dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

    nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

    Sil. 11, 194:

    consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

    Liv. 8, 10, 1:

    cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

    was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

    verno inserentis tempus urguet,

    Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

    sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

    Cic. Top. 1, 5:

    dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

    id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

    conari etiam majora,

    Liv. 6, 18, 12:

    nunc corpora curare tempus est,

    id. 21, 54, 2:

    tibi abire,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

    jam tempus agi res,

    Verg. A. 5, 638:

    tempus est jam hinc abire me,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    suo tempore,

    at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—
    (β).
    tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

    duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

    Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

    contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

    jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

    upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

    tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

    Cat. 61, 162. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

    si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

    time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

    omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

    quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

    id. Planc. 32, 79:

    tempori meo defuerunt,

    my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

    qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

    nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

    id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

    neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

    id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

    suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6:

    tempore summo rei publicae,

    id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

    id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

    pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

    Sall. C. 30, 5:

    o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

    to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

    eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

    at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

    nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

    Lucr. 1, 93:

    indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

    Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

    incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

    omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

    id. Clu. 50, 139:

    tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

    scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

    11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

    cedere temporibus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

    Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

    Curt. 5, 3, 4.—
    b.
    Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

    idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

    Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

    tempora certa modique,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

    rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

    Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —
    c.
    In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—
    II.
    Adverb. phrases.
    A.
    tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

    rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

    qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

    sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

    temperi huic anteveni,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

    temperi ego faxo scies,

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

    ut cenam coqueret temperi,

    id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

    postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

    ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

    temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

    Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

    tempore abest,

    id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

    memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

    modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

    more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

    ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

    Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—
    B.
    Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

    tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —
    C.
    Ad tempus.
    1.
    At the right or appointed time, in time:

    ad tempus redire,

    Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

    ad tempus venire,

    Liv. 38, 25:

    ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—
    2.
    For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

    quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

    coli ad tempus,

    id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

    ad breve (sc. tempus),

    Suet. Tib. 68. —
    D.
    Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

    ante tempus mori miserum esse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

    ante tempus domo digressus,

    Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

    sero post tempus venis,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—
    E.
    Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

    versus fundere ex tempore,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

    magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

    id. Arch. 8, 18:

    scribere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—
    2.
    According to circumstances:

    expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

    haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

    id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—
    F.
    In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

    in tempore ad eam veni,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

    in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

    in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

    ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

    Liv. 33, 5, 2:

    in tempore memorare,

    Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —
    G.
    In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

    scena in tempus structa,

    Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

    in omne tempus,

    forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—
    H.
    Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

    non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

    per tempus subvenistis mihi,

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—
    K.
    Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

    consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

    Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tempora

  • 4 tempore

    tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].
    I.
    Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

    tempus diei,

    daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

    extremum diei,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

    matutina tempora,

    morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

    anni tempora,

    the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

    quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

    erat hibernum tempus anni,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—
    2.
    Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

    longo post tempore,

    Verg. E. 1, 68:

    magno post tempore,

    Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

    brevi post tempore,

    id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

    parvo post tempore,

    Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

    longis temporibus ante,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., time, in general.
    1.
    Lit.
    a.
    In gen.:

    tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

    tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

    neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

    nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

    Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

    vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

    id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

    egeo tempore,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    unius horae tempus,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4:

    aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

    Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

    tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

    Liv. 29, 5, 7:

    triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

    id. 38, 37, 10:

    tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

    ut tempora postulabant belli,

    Liv. 24, 8, 7:

    nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    temporibus Punici belli,

    Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

    mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 26, 69:

    ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

    id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

    Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

    tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

    id. 2, 32, 9:

    privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

    id. 3, 20, 4:

    per idem tempus,

    Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

    quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

    at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

    scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

    Quint. 10, 4, 2:

    non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

    uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

    alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

    dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

    committendi proelii,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

    edendi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

    curandi,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

    tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

    Liv. 34, 33, 5:

    datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

    id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

    id certis temporibus futurum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

    si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

    superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

    id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    illis temporibus,

    id. Lael. 1, 5:

    temporibus illis,

    id. Arch. 3, 6. —
    b.
    In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

    nunc occasio est et tempus,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

    tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

    spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

    id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

    tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

    dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

    nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

    Sil. 11, 194:

    consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

    Liv. 8, 10, 1:

    cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

    was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

    verno inserentis tempus urguet,

    Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

    sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

    Cic. Top. 1, 5:

    dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

    id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

    conari etiam majora,

    Liv. 6, 18, 12:

    nunc corpora curare tempus est,

    id. 21, 54, 2:

    tibi abire,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

    jam tempus agi res,

    Verg. A. 5, 638:

    tempus est jam hinc abire me,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    suo tempore,

    at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—
    (β).
    tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

    duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

    Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

    contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

    jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

    upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

    tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

    Cat. 61, 162. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

    si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

    time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

    omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

    quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

    id. Planc. 32, 79:

    tempori meo defuerunt,

    my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

    qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

    nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

    id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

    neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

    id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

    suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6:

    tempore summo rei publicae,

    id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

    id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

    pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

    Sall. C. 30, 5:

    o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

    to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

    eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

    at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

    nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

    Lucr. 1, 93:

    indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

    Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

    incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

    omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

    id. Clu. 50, 139:

    tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

    scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

    11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

    cedere temporibus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

    Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

    Curt. 5, 3, 4.—
    b.
    Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

    idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

    Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

    tempora certa modique,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

    rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

    Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —
    c.
    In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—
    II.
    Adverb. phrases.
    A.
    tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

    rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

    qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

    sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

    temperi huic anteveni,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

    temperi ego faxo scies,

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

    ut cenam coqueret temperi,

    id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

    postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

    ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

    temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

    Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

    tempore abest,

    id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

    memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

    modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

    more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

    ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

    Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—
    B.
    Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

    tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —
    C.
    Ad tempus.
    1.
    At the right or appointed time, in time:

    ad tempus redire,

    Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

    ad tempus venire,

    Liv. 38, 25:

    ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—
    2.
    For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

    quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

    coli ad tempus,

    id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

    ad breve (sc. tempus),

    Suet. Tib. 68. —
    D.
    Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

    ante tempus mori miserum esse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

    ante tempus domo digressus,

    Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

    sero post tempus venis,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—
    E.
    Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

    versus fundere ex tempore,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

    magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

    id. Arch. 8, 18:

    scribere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—
    2.
    According to circumstances:

    expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

    haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

    id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—
    F.
    In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

    in tempore ad eam veni,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

    in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

    in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

    ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

    Liv. 33, 5, 2:

    in tempore memorare,

    Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —
    G.
    In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

    scena in tempus structa,

    Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

    in omne tempus,

    forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—
    H.
    Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

    non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

    per tempus subvenistis mihi,

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—
    K.
    Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

    consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

    Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tempore

  • 5 tempus

    tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].
    I.
    Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

    tempus diei,

    daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

    extremum diei,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

    matutina tempora,

    morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

    anni tempora,

    the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

    quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

    erat hibernum tempus anni,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—
    2.
    Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

    longo post tempore,

    Verg. E. 1, 68:

    magno post tempore,

    Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

    brevi post tempore,

    id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

    parvo post tempore,

    Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

    longis temporibus ante,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., time, in general.
    1.
    Lit.
    a.
    In gen.:

    tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

    tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

    neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

    nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

    Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

    vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

    id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

    egeo tempore,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    unius horae tempus,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4:

    aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

    Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

    tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

    Liv. 29, 5, 7:

    triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

    id. 38, 37, 10:

    tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

    ut tempora postulabant belli,

    Liv. 24, 8, 7:

    nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    temporibus Punici belli,

    Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

    mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 26, 69:

    ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

    id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

    Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

    tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

    id. 2, 32, 9:

    privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

    id. 3, 20, 4:

    per idem tempus,

    Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

    quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

    at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

    scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

    Quint. 10, 4, 2:

    non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

    uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

    alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

    dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

    committendi proelii,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

    edendi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

    curandi,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

    tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

    Liv. 34, 33, 5:

    datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

    id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

    id certis temporibus futurum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

    si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

    superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

    id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    illis temporibus,

    id. Lael. 1, 5:

    temporibus illis,

    id. Arch. 3, 6. —
    b.
    In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

    nunc occasio est et tempus,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

    tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

    spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

    id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

    tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

    dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

    nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

    Sil. 11, 194:

    consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

    Liv. 8, 10, 1:

    cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

    was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

    verno inserentis tempus urguet,

    Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

    sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

    Cic. Top. 1, 5:

    dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

    id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

    conari etiam majora,

    Liv. 6, 18, 12:

    nunc corpora curare tempus est,

    id. 21, 54, 2:

    tibi abire,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

    jam tempus agi res,

    Verg. A. 5, 638:

    tempus est jam hinc abire me,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

    suo tempore,

    at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—
    (β).
    tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

    duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

    Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

    contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

    jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

    upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

    tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

    Cat. 61, 162. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

    si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

    time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

    omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

    quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

    id. Planc. 32, 79:

    tempori meo defuerunt,

    my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

    qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

    nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

    id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

    neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

    id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

    suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6:

    tempore summo rei publicae,

    id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

    id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

    pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

    Sall. C. 30, 5:

    o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

    to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

    eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

    at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

    nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

    Lucr. 1, 93:

    indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

    Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

    incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

    omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

    id. Clu. 50, 139:

    tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

    scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

    11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

    cedere temporibus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

    Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

    Curt. 5, 3, 4.—
    b.
    Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

    idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

    Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

    tempora certa modique,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

    rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

    Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —
    c.
    In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—
    II.
    Adverb. phrases.
    A.
    tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

    rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

    qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

    sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

    temperi huic anteveni,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

    temperi ego faxo scies,

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

    ut cenam coqueret temperi,

    id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

    postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

    ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

    temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

    Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

    tempore abest,

    id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

    memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

    modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

    more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

    ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

    Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—
    B.
    Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

    tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —
    C.
    Ad tempus.
    1.
    At the right or appointed time, in time:

    ad tempus redire,

    Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

    ad tempus venire,

    Liv. 38, 25:

    ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—
    2.
    For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

    quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

    coli ad tempus,

    id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

    ad breve (sc. tempus),

    Suet. Tib. 68. —
    D.
    Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

    ante tempus mori miserum esse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

    ante tempus domo digressus,

    Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

    sero post tempus venis,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—
    E.
    Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

    versus fundere ex tempore,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

    magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

    id. Arch. 8, 18:

    scribere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—
    2.
    According to circumstances:

    expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

    haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

    id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—
    F.
    In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

    in tempore ad eam veni,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

    in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

    in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

    ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

    Liv. 33, 5, 2:

    in tempore memorare,

    Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —
    G.
    In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

    scena in tempus structa,

    Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

    in omne tempus,

    forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—
    H.
    Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

    non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

    per tempus subvenistis mihi,

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—
    K.
    Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

    consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

    Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tempus

  • 6 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 7 ad

       ad praep. with acc.    [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex).    I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.—    II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. —    III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. —    IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.—    V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.
    * * *
    I II
    to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM

    Latin-English dictionary > ad

  • 8 praesum

    (α).
    With dat.:

    omnibus Druidibus praeest unus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

    qui oppido praeerat,

    id. ib. 2, 6:

    regionibus,

    id. ib. 5, 22:

    provinciae,

    Sall. C. 42, 3:

    censor factus, severe praefuit ei potestati,

    Nep. Cat. 2, 3:

    classi,

    to have the command of the fleet, Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

    exercitui,

    id. ib. 3, 57:

    alicui negotio,

    to have charge of it, to carry it on, id. ib. 3, 61:

    ei studio,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

    artificio,

    id. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

    vigiliis,

    to superintend, Sall. C. 30, 6:

    regiis opibus,

    Nep. Con. 4, 3:

    rebus regiis,

    id. Phoc. 3, 4:

    statuis faciendis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

    aedibus, i. e. aedilem esse,

    Dig. 1, 2, 2: mercimoniis, Cod. 5, 5, 7.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    praeesse in provinciā,

    to be governor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 180.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To be the chief person, to take the lead in any thing:

    non enim paruit ille Ti. Gracchi temeritati, sed praefuit,

    Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

    qui non solum interfuit his rebus, sed etiam praefuit,

    id. Fam. 1, 8, 1:

    illi crudelitati non solum praeesse, verum etiam interesse,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 7.—
    B.
    To protect, defend ( poet.):

    stant quoque pro nobis, et praesunt moenibus Urbis,

    Ov. F. 5, 135.—Hence, praesens, entis ( abl. sing. of persons usually praesente; of things, praesenti), adj.
    A.
    That is before one, in sight or at hand, present, in person (rarely of the immediate presence of the speaker or writer, for which the proper case of hic is used; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 908, and v. infra):

    assum praesens praesenti tibi,

    I am with you, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 27: non quia ades praesens, dico hoc, because you happen to be present, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 39:

    quo praesente,

    in whose presence, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

    quod adest quodque praesens est,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11; so,

    nihil nisi praesens et quod adest,

    id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

    vivi atque praesentes,

    id. Off. 1, 44, 156:

    praesens tecum egi,

    myself, in person, id. Fam. 2, 7, 4:

    perinde ac si ipse interfuerit, et praesens viderit,

    id. Inv. 1, 54, 104:

    praesens sermo,

    communication by word of mouth, id. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1:

    praesens in praesentem multa dixerat,

    id. Att. 11, 12, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 34: praesente for praesentibus (ante-class.): praesente amicis, Pompon. ap. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; so, testibus, id. ap. Non. 154, 17:

    his,

    Att. ib. 154, 19:

    suis,

    Fenest. ib. 154, 20:

    omnibus,

    Nov. ib. 154, 23: legatis, Varr. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: nobis, Ter. ib.—
    2.
    Esp., of time:

    narratio praeteritarum rerum aut praesentium,

    Cic. Part. Or. 4, 13:

    non solum inopia praesentis, sed etiam futuri temporis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 52 init.:

    praesens tempus futuri metu perdere,

    Sen. Ep. 24, 1:

    tempus enim tribus partibus constat, praeterito, praesente, futuro,

    id. ib. 124, 17.—Esp. in opp. to other times referred to:

    quanta tempestas invidiae nobis si minus in praesens tempus... at in posteritatem impendeat,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

    et reliqui temporis recuperandi ratio, et praesentis tuendi,

    id. Att. 8, 9, 3:

    et consiliorum superiorum conscientiā et praesentis temporis moderatione me consoler,

    id. Fam. 9, 16, 6; id. Fl. 1, 3.—Very rarely alone, of the times of the writer or speaker. as opp. to the times of which he speaks:

    quod pietas principis nostri praesentium quoque temporum decus fecit,

    Quint. 3, 7, 9:

    vive moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus,

    now in use, Gell. 1, 10, 4.—Also of a time spoken of, present to the mind, existing:

    movit Scipionem cum fortuna pristina viri, praesenti fortunae conlata,

    Liv. 30, 13, 8:

    populo erat persuasum, et adversas superiores et praesentes secundas res accidisse, etc.,

    Nep. Alcib. 6, 2:

    praetor factus non solum praesenti bello,

    id. Them. 2, 1:

    et praesens aetas et posteritas deinde mirata est,

    Curt. 9, 10, 28:

    praesentem saevitiam melioris olim fortunae recordatione allevabant,

    Tac. A. 14, 63: in praesens tempus, and more freq. absol., in praesens, for the present:

    pleraque differat, et praesens in tempus omittat,

    Hor. A. P. 44; so (opp. in posteritatem) Cic. Cat 1, 9, 22:

    si fortuna in praesens deseruit,

    Tac. H. 4, 58; cf.:

    laetus in praesens animus,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 25: ad praesens tempus, or simply ad praesens, for the present:

    Harpagus ad praesens tempus dissimulato dolore,

    for the moment, Just. 1, 5, 7:

    quod factum aspere acceptum ad praesens, mox, etc.,

    at the time, Tac. A. 4, 31; 40:

    munimentum ad praesens, in posterum ultionem,

    id. H. 1, 44; Suet. Tit. 6:

    vocem adimere ad praesens,

    for a short time, Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80: praesenti tempore and in praesenti, at present, now:

    praesenti tempore,

    Ov. F. 3, 478:

    haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut speres,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4:

    in praesenti,

    Nep. Att. 12, 5; Liv. 34, 35, 11.—Prov.: praesenti fortuna pejor est futuri metus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 15.— Subst.: praesentĭa, ĭum, n., present circumstances, the present state of affairs:

    cum hortatur ferenda esse praesentia,

    Suet. Aug. 87:

    praesentia sequi,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    ex praeteritis enim aestimari solent praesentia,

    Quint. 5, 10, 28:

    sed penitus haerens amor fastidio praesentium accensus est,

    Curt. 8, 3, 6.—Esp., in phrase in praesentia (sc. tempora), for the present, at this time, under present circumstances:

    hoc video in praesentia opus esse,

    Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

    providere quid oneris in praesentia tollant,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

    quae in praesentia in mentem mihi venerunt,

    id. Fam. 4, 5, 1; id. Fin. 5, 8, 21; Liv. 31, 22, 8; 33, 27, 10; 33, 28, 6; Tac. Agr. 31; 39; Suet. Tib. 22; id. Claud. 4; Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 14; Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 14.—Very rarely in praesentia, at hand, on hand, on the spot:

    id quod in praesentia vestimentorum fuit, arripuit,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 5; cf.: in re praesenti, infra: in rem praesentem venire, to go to the place itself, go to the very spot, for the sake of a closer examination, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250:

    in rem praesentem venias oportet, quia homines amplius oculis quam auribus credunt,

    Sen. Ep. 6, 5: in rem praesentem perducere audientes, to transport one's hearers to the very spot, Quint. 4, 2, 123: in re praesenti, in the place itself, on the spot:

    in re praesenti, ex copiā piscariā consulere, quid emam, aequom est,

    when I am on the spot, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 65; Liv. 40, 9:

    eodem anno inter populum Carthaginiensem et regem Masinissam in re praesenti disceptatores Romani de agro fuerunt,

    id. 40, 17; Quint. 6, 2, 31:

    praesenti bello,

    while war is raging, Nep. Them. 2, 1; so sup.:

    quod praesentissimis quibusque periculis desit,

    Quint. 10, 7, 1; and comp.:

    jam praesentior res erat,

    Liv. 2, 36, 5.—
    B.
    That happens or is done immediately, immediate, instant, prompt, ready, direct:

    praesens poena sit,

    the punishment might be instant, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:

    preces,

    immediate, not delayed, Prop. 2, 23, 64 (3, 28, 12):

    mercari praesenti pecuniā,

    with ready money, cash, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 8; Cic. Clu. 12, 34:

    numerare praesentes denarios ducentos,

    Petr. 109:

    nummi,

    id. 137:

    supplicium,

    instant execution, Tac. A. 1, 38:

    Maelium praesenti morte multavit,

    Flor. 1, 26:

    praesens debitum,

    Dig. 12, 1, 9; 20, 1, 13: praesenti die dari, in ready money:

    quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die pecunia debetur,

    ib. 45, 1, 41:

    libertatem aut praesenti die, aut sub condicione dare,

    ib. 28, 7, 22.—Hence, adv.: prae-sens (opp. in diem), forthwith, immediately:

    si, cum in diem mihi deberetur, fraudator praesens solverit,

    in ready money, in cash, Dig. 42, 9, 10:

    quod vel praesens vel ex die dari potest,

    ib. 7, 1, 4.—
    C.
    That operates immediately or quickly, instant, prompt, efficacious, powerful (i. q. valens):

    praesens auxilium oblatum est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:

    non ulla magis praesens fortuna laborum est,

    no more effective cure for their troubles, Verg. G. 3, 452:

    quo non praesentius ullum, Pocula si quando saevae infecere novercae,

    id. ib. 2, 127:

    si quid praesentius audes,

    more effective, bolder, id. A. 12, 152:

    praesentissimum remedium,

    Col. 6, 14; Plin. 28, 5, 14, § 53.—With objectclause:

    o diva... Praesens vel imo tollere de gradu Mortale corpus, vel, etc.,

    mighty, able, Hor. C. 1, 35, 2.—
    D.
    Of disposition or character, present, collected, resolute:

    animo virili praesentique ut sis, para,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 64:

    si cui virtus animusque in pectore praesens,

    Verg. A. 5, 363:

    animus acer et praesens,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:

    non plures, sed etiam praesentioribus animis,

    Liv. 31, 46:

    praesentissimo animo pugnare, Auct. B. Alex. 40: Crassus, ut praesens ingenio semper respondit,

    Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—
    E.
    Present, aiding, favoring, propitious:

    Hercules tantus, et tam praesens habetur deus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6; 3, 5, 11:

    deus,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

    tu dea, tu praesens, nostro succurre labori,

    Verg. A. 9, 404:

    modo diva triformis Adjuvet, et praesens ingentibus adnuat ausis,

    Ov. M. 7, 178.— Comp.:

    nihil illo (praesagio) praesentius,

    Flor. 4, 7, 9.—
    F.
    Appropriate, pertinent, timely:

    praesens hic quidemst apologus,

    Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

    en hercle praesens somnium,

    id. Mil. 2, 4, 41.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praesum

  • 9 diēs

        diēs gen. diēī or diē (rarely diei, disyl., T., or diī, V.), m sometimes in sing f.    [DIV-], a day, civil day: Quae tot res in unum conclusit diem, T.: eo die, Cs.: in posterum diem, Cs.: paucos dies ibi morati, Cs.: alter et tertius dies absumitur, Ta.— Fem. (in prose only of a fixed term): diebus XXX, a quā die materia caesa est, Cs.: posterā die, S.: suprema, H.: atra, V.: tarda, O. —In phrases: paucis ante diebus, a few days earlier, S.: paucis post diebus, S.: postridie eius diei, the next day, Cs.: post diem tertium eius diei, the next day but one, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, from day to day: diem de die prospectans, L.: in dies, every day, Cs., C.: in diem rapto vivit, L.: cui licet in diem dixisse Vixi, etc., H.—Abl. diē, in a day, in one day, V.; rarely diē (i. e. cottidie or in diem), daily, V.—In dates: ante diem XII Kal. Nov., the twenty - first of October: in ante diem V Kal. Dec., till November 28.— A set day, appointed time, term: hic nuptiis dictus est dies, T.: pecuniae, C., L.: iis certum diem conveniendi dicit, Cs.: die certo, S.: negotio proxumum diem constituit, S.: conloquio decretus, O.: ad diem praestitutum venire, L.: die tuo exspectabam, etc., your fever day: supremus vitae: obire diem supremum, die, N. — Fem. (only sing.): deportandi dies praestituta: certa eius rei constituta, Cs.: stata, L.: ubi ea dies venit, Cs.: praeteritā die, quā, etc., Cs.: esse in lege, quam ad diem, proscriptiones fiant. — In the phrase, dicere diem, with dat, to impeach, lay an accusation against: diem mihi, credo, dixerat: Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus.— A dying-day, time to die, destined time (poet.): Stat sua cuique dies, V.: Hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras, prematurely, O. — A natural day, day (opp. night): cum horā diei decimā venire: quantum scribam die (opp. noctibus), in the daytime: die et nocte concoqui, in a single day and night: multo denique die, late in the day, Cs.: in diem (somnum) extrahere, Ta.: exercere diem, work by daylight, V.: currūs rogat In diem, for a day, O.: diem noctemque procul navem tenuit, a day and a night, N.: Saturnalia diem ac noctem clamata, all day and all night, L.: diem noctemque, uninterruptedly, Cs.: Dies noctīsque me ames, T.: dies noctīsque iter faciens, N.: noctīs ac dies: et noctīs et dies.— With iter, of distances, a day's march, day's journey: huius silvae latitudo novem dierum iter expedito patet, forced marches, Cs.: quinque dierum iter aberant, L. — Daybreak, day: cum die, O.: ante diem, H. — An anniversary: quo die ad Aliam pugnatum, a clade Aliensem appellarunt, L.: diem meum scis esse III Non. Ian., birthday. —Meton., a day's work, event, day: is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu: dare illius diei poenas: ille dies Etruscorum fregit opes, Cs.: imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem, Ta. — A time, space of time, period, interval: diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum, Cs.: diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras, L.: ut sexenni die pecuniae solvantur, Cs.: in longiorem diem conlaturus, a later day, Cs.: perexigua, a brief interval: nulla, O.: (indutiarum) dies, the term, L.: messis, season, V.: Optuma aevi, period (i. e. youth), V.: Sole dies referente siccos, season, H.: diem adimere aegritudinem hominibus, T.: diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, a festival, L.: malum in diem abiit, to a future time, T.: nos in diem vivimus, for the moment.—Light of day, daylight (poet.): Inmissus quo dies terreat umbras, O.: volumina fumi Infecere diem, O.: oriens occiduusque dies, the East and the West, i. e. the world, O. — Personified, the god of day, O.— Fem.: Venus primo Caelo et Die nata.
    * * *
    day; daylight; festival; time; lifetime, age

    Latin-English dictionary > diēs

  • 10 interim

    intĕrim, adv. [inter and old acc. of is].
    I.
    I.q. interea, meanwhile, in the meantime:

    ibo intro: tu hic ante aedes interim speculare,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 28:

    interim dum ante ostium sto,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 3:

    hoc interim spatio conclave illud concidisse,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86:

    quo fugit interim dolor ille?

    Quint. 11, 1, 54; 1, 12, 6.—
    B.
    For a time, for a while (post-Aug.):

    ut uno interim contenti simus exemplo C. Gracchi,

    for the moment, Quint. 1, 10, 27:

    interim admonere illud satis est,

    id. 2, 4, 3; 3, 8, 5.—
    C.
    (Cf. interea.) However, nevertheless:

    interim velim mihi ignescas,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3:

    quod alias vitiosum, interim alias rectum est,

    Quint. 1, 5, 29; 2, 12, 2 al.—
    II.
    I. q. nonnumquam, sometimes (post-Aug.):

    Latinis quidem semper, sed etiam Graecis interim,

    Quint. 2, 1, 1; so,

    opp. semper, Sen. de Ira, 2, 21, 8: laturi sententiam indocti saepius atque interim rustici,

    Quint. 12, 10, 53; 11, 3, 51;

    with nonnumquam,

    id. 4, 5, 20:

    interim... interim,

    sometimes... sometimes, at one time... at another, Quint. 5, 10, 34; 6, 3, 59; 9, 2, 100; Plin. Ep. 10, 27:

    interim... mox,

    Tac. A. 14, 41 Dräger.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > interim

  • 11 modo

    mŏdŏ (scanned mŏdō, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 23; Lucr. 2, 11, 35; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 107; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 480; Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 140), adv. [orig. abl. of modus, q. v.].
    I.
    Qs., by measure, expressing, like tantum, a restriction of the idea, only, merely, but.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Affirmatively: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, Quam semel modo parere, even once, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 298 Vahl.):

    semel modo,

    only once, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30:

    uni modo gessi morem,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 43:

    hoc autem si ita sit, ut unum modo sensibus falsum videatur, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf.:

    quorum genera plura sunt: hi unum modo quale sit suspicantur,

    id. Or. 9, 28:

    nec audiendi quidam, qui tres modo primas esse partes volunt,

    Quint. 3, 3, 4:

    paulum modo,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 15:

    perpauxillum modo,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 74; cf.:

    manus erat nulla, quae parvam modo causam timoris afferret,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 3:

    quae pacisci modo scis, sed quod pacta es, non scis solvere,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 88:

    ad ornandam modo, non augendam orationem assumuntur,

    Quint. 8, 6, 39; cf. Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

    solere modo non etiam oportere,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 18:

    doctrina ac litterae secundis rebus delectationem modo habere videbantur, nunc vero etiam salutem,

    id. Fam. 6, 12, 5:

    circi modo spectaculum fuerat,

    Liv. 7, 2: modo facito ut illam serves, only see that, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 59:

    modo fac, ne quid aliud cures, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

    aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut conveniam modo,

    if I can only, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8:

    modo ut tacere possis,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 9; cf.:

    concede, ut impune emerit, modo ut bonā ratione emerit,

    if but. provided that, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:

    modo ut haec nobis loca tenere liceat,

    id. Fam. 14, 14, 1.— For the expressions dummodo, solummodo, and tantummodo, v. dum, solum, and tantum.—
    2.
    Negatively: non modo... sed (verum) etiam (et, or simply sed), not only... but also:

    ut non modo secunda sperare debeas, sed etiam adversa fortissimo animo ferre,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 5:

    non modo agendo, verum etiam cogitando,

    id. Cael. 19, 45:

    illum non modo favisse, sed et, etc.,

    id. Att. 11, 9, 2:

    non modo falsum id esse, sed hoc verissimum,

    id. Rep. 2, 44, 71.— As to these expressions, and also respecting the omission of a second non in the latter clause, v. under sed and non.—
    B.
    In partic., in restrictive clauses, for ullo or aliquo modo, in any way or degree, at all, only, even:

    servus est nemo, qui modo tolerabili conditione sit servitutis, qui, etc.,

    who is in any tolerable condition, Cic. Cat. 4, 8, 16; cf.:

    quamquam quis ignorat, qui modo umquam mediocriter res istas scire curavit, quin, etc.,

    id. Fl. 27, 64; and:

    quis est omnium, qui modo cum Musis habeat aliquod commercium, qui? etc.,

    id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

    nemo aliter philosophus sensit, in quo modo esset auctoritas,

    id. Div. 1, 39, 86; cf.: servitus, honorifica modo, Brut. ap. Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 4:

    tum quam plurimis modo dignis, se utilem praebent,

    be they but worthy, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

    bonis viris... faciendum est, modo pro facultatibus,

    id. ib. 2, 17, 58:

    decerne, modo recte,

    id. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

    itaque veniam, quo vocas, modo adjutore te,

    id. Att. 16, 13, a, 1:

    atque utinam posset aliquā ratione hoc crimen quamvis falsa, modo humana atque usitata defendere,

    if only, id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224.—
    b.
    Si modo, if only (freq.):

    tu si modo es Romae: vix enim puto, sin es, hoc vehementer animadvertas velim,

    Cic. Att. 5, 8, 2:

    tute scis (si modo meministi) me tibi tum dixisse, etc.,

    id. ib. 12, 18, 2:

    fortasse vici, si modo permansero,

    id. ib. 12, 44, 3.— Poet. with subj.:

    si modo sola queant saxa tenere fidem,

    Prop. 1, 18, 4.—
    c.
    Poet. and in jurid. Latin, modo si, for dummodo, if only, provided that:

    persequar inferius, modo si licet ordine ferri,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 263:

    modo si ejus nomine opus fiat,

    Dig. 39, 1, 18; 26, 2, 28; 19, 2, 19, § 10.—
    d.
    As a conjunction with subj., for dummodo, if only, provided that (freq. and class.):

    quos valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat,

    Cic. Brut. 16, 64; id. Or. 9, 28:

    manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria,

    id. Sen. 7, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 131:

    modo Juppiter adsit, Tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

    Verg. A. 3, 116.—So, modo ne for dummodo ne, if only not, provided that not:

    quae de Sicinio audīsti, ea mihi probantur: modo ne illa exceptio in aliquem incurrat bene de nobis meritum,

    Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3:

    si quis est paulo ad voluptates propensior, modo ne sit ex pecudum genere, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 105; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132.—
    2.
    Modo non, like the Gr. monon ouchi, all but, almost, nearly, = propemodum (ante- and post-class.):

    modo non montes auri pollicens,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 Don.:

    favet Fabi gloriae, quae modo non suā contumeliā splendeat,

    Liv. 10, 24, 11:

    pictor equum venientem, modo non vivum, comprehenderat,

    Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 7:

    modo non reclamante publico vigore,

    Amm. 14, 7, 1; 16, 12, 16; 21, 14, 1; 22, 6, 2 al.—
    3.
    In colloq. lang. with imperatives, just, now, only:

    sequere hac modo,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 4:

    sedete hic modo,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 29:

    propera modo,

    id. Men. 1, 4, 32:

    vide modo,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    ignem scrutare modo, inquam,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 276.—Indignantly:

    quin tu i modo,

    begone now, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 182; so,

    i modo,

    id. Stich. 3, 2, 23:

    tace modo,

    be still now, id. As. 5, 2, 19.—With tu or vos ( poet. and post-class.):

    tu modo, dum licet, hunc fructum ne desere vitae,

    Prop. 2, 15, 49; Verg. G. 3, 73:

    tu modo posce deos veniam,

    id. A. 4, 50:

    vos modo, inquit, parcite,

    Phaedr. 2, 8, 8; Curt. 9, 6, 24; 9, 2, 25.
    II.
    With specifications of time, like Gr. arti (reaching to the full measure of the time, fully).
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of the pressent time, just now, just (ante-class. and poet.):

    quid? ego modo huic frater factus, dum intro eo atque exeo?

    just now? Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:

    modo dolores, meatu, occipiunt,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 2 (evidenter hic modo temporis praesentis adverbium est, Don.):

    advenis modo,

    id. Hec. 3, 5, 8 Don.:

    devoravi nomen imprudens modo,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 63:

    jam modo nunc possum contentus vivere parvo,

    Tib. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

    peccare fuisset Ante satis, penitus modo nunc genus omne perosos Femineum,

    Verg. A. 9, 141.—
    2.
    Of time just passed, just now, but this moment, a little while ago, lately (class.):

    nuper homines nobiles hujusmodi, judices, et quid dico nuper? immo vero modo ac plane paulo ante vidimus, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: Al. Ita uti dudum dixeras? Am. Dudum? quam dudum istuc factum est? Al. Temptas:

    jam dudum, pridem, modo,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 60: Ph. Quando? Do. Hodie. Ph. Quamdudum? Do. Modo, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 30:

    sum illi villae amicior modo factus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4:

    quaeras putemne talem esse deorum naturam, qualis modo a te sit exposita,

    id. N. D. 1, 21, 57:

    declaravit id modo temeritas C. Caesaris,

    id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

    modo hoc malum in rem publicam invasit,

    id. ib. 2, 21, 75:

    si hodie bella sint, quale Gallicum modo (i. e. twenty-two years earlier),

    Liv. 6, 40, 17; cf. id. 22, 14, 13; Cic. Div. 1, 44, 99.—Opp. to nunc: qui nunc primum te advenisse dicas, [p. 1156] modo qui hinc abieris, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 63:

    in quā urbe modo gratiā, auctoritate, gloriā floruimus, in eā nunc iis quidem omnibus caremus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2; id. Mur. 40, 86; 41, 88; Prop. 1, 18, 7.—With tunc, Tac. A. 2, 75.—
    3.
    Of time just to come, immediately, directly, in a moment (rare, and perh. not in Cic.):

    domum modo ibo,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 15; Liv. 26, 15:

    Artabanus tardari metu, modo cupidine vindictae inardescere,

    Tac. A. 6, 32; 4, 50.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Modo... modo, now... now, at one moment... at another, sometimes... sometimes (class.):

    modo ait, modo negat,

    sometimes he says Yes, and sometimes No, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 46:

    Cotta meus modo hoc, modo illud,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 44, 93:

    modo his, modo illis ex partibus,

    id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

    o Academiam volaticam et sui similem, modo huc, modo illuc!

    id. Att. 13, 25, 3:

    citus modo, modo tardus incessus,

    Sall. C. 15, 5:

    laetos modo, modo pavidos animadverteres,

    id. J. 60, 4:

    nebulonem modo, modo nugatorem appellat,

    Liv. 38, 56.—Instead of modo... modo, we sometimes find:

    nunc... modo: nunc quereretur eundem accusatorem ac judicem esse, modo vitam sibi eripi, etc.,

    Liv. 8, 32, 9.—Again, instead of the second modo (esp. in poets and in post-Aug. prose writers), we find:

    nunc aliquando, interdum, nonnumquam, saepe, rursus.—So, modo... nunc,

    Ov. M. 13, 922; id. F. 4, 643; id. Tr. 1, 2, 27:

    modo ut reciperet imperium, nunc ut legatione fungeretur,

    Tac. H. 2, 51:

    modo... aliquando,

    id. A. 1, 81; 6, 35; 11, 34; 16, 10; id. H. 2, 74:

    modo... interdum,

    Sall. J. 42, 1; 55, 9; 62, 9 Kritz.; 74, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 9 et saep.:

    modo... nonnumquam,

    Suet. Tib. 66; id. Claud. 15; id. Calig. 52:

    modo... saepe,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 11:

    modo... modo... saepe,

    Sall. J. 45, 2; Tac. H. 4, 84:

    modo... rursus,

    Prop. 1, 3, 41.—
    2.
    Modo... tum (deinde, postea, etc.), at first... then, at one time... at another:

    sol modo accedens, tum autem recedens,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 102:

    (Xenophon) facit Socratem disputantem... et modo unum, tum autem plures deos,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 31:

    et modo mundum, tum mentem divinam esse putat,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 34; cf.:

    modo (Theophrastus) menti divinum tribuit principatum, modo caelo, tum autem signis sideribusque caelestibus,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 35:

    et forte in eo loco grandis ilex coaluerat inter saxa paulum modo prona, deinde flexa, etc.,

    Sall. J. 93, 4:

    modo... paulo post,

    Val. Max. 7, 4, 5:

    modo... modo... postremum,

    Tac. H. 4, 46:

    quid agerent, modo timentes, vicissim contemnentes religiones,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > modo

  • 12 iam

        iam adj.    I. Of time, at the moment, at the present moment, now, at this time, just now, at present: iam satis credis sobrium esse me, T.: saltūs reficit iam roscida luna, V.: Iam melior, iam, diva, precor, V.: iura ipsa iam certa propter vetustatem: iam iam intellego quid dicas, now, precisely now: Iam iam nulla mora est, V.—At the moment, just, at the time spoken of, then, now: iam ut limen exirem, T.: iam invesperascebat, L.: Helvetii iam traduxerant, etc., Cs.—Just, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago: primum iam de amore hoc comperit, T.: hiems iam praecipitaverat, Cs.: domum quam tu iam exaedificatum habebas.—Just now, forthwith, immediately, presently, straightway, directly: iam adero, T.: cum iam te adventare arbitraremur: iam faciam quod voltis, H.: Accede ad ignem... iam calesces, T.: iam hic conticescet furor, L.: Iam te premet nox, H.: Sed iam age, carpe viam, V.: Iam iam futurus rusticus, H.: iam inde a principio, from the very beginning: iam inde a consulatu meo, ever since.—Already, by this time, ere now, so soon: (animi) aut iam exhausti aut mox exhauriendi, L.: quia luserat Iam olim ille ludum, T.: vos, quem ad modum iam antea, defendite: antea iam, S.—At last, now, only now: iamque eum ad sanitatem reverti arbitrabatur, Cs.: iam tandem, L., V.—Already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto: amisso iam tempore: quos iam aetas a proeliis avocabat.—Until now, ever, all the time: dederas enim iam ab adulescentiā documenta: iam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc.: iam inde a puero, T.: iam ex quo, ever since, L.—With a neg, no longer: si iam principatum obtinere non possint, Cs.: si iam non potestis: cum iam defenderet nemo, Cs.: cum nulla iam proscriptionis mentio fieret: Nullane iam Troiae dicentur moenia? never more, V.— With comp, from time to time, gradually: inferiora habent rivos et iam humano cultu digniora loca, L.—In phrases, iam iamque, once and again, continually, every moment: iam iamque esse moriendum, that death is always impending: Caesar adventare iam iamque nuntiabatur, Cs.: iam iamque tenere Sperat, O.: iam iamque magis, more and more, V.: iam nunc, just now, at this very moment, even at this time: quae cum cogito, iam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.: dux, iam nunc togatus in urbe, L.: iam pridem (iampridem), long ago, long since, a long time ago: ad mortem te duci iam pridem oportebat: erat Iam pridem apud me, etc., T.: cupio equidem, et iam pridem cupio, etc., this long time: veritus ne traderetur Philippo, iam pridem hosti, L.—With dudum (iamdudum, iandudum), long since, long before, a long time ago, this long time: Iam dudum dixi idemque nunc dico, T.: quem iam dudum exspectat: iam dudum flebam, had long been weeping, O.—Forthwith, immediately, at once, directly (poet.): iam dudum sumite poenas, V.: expulsi iam dudum monte iuvenci petunt, etc., O.—With tum, at that very time, even then, then already: iam tum erat suspitio, etc., T.: se iam tum gessisse pro cive: iam tum dicione tenebat Sarrastīs populos, V.—With tunc, at that very time, even then: nisi iam tunc omnia negotia confecissem.—With diu, this long time, see diu.    II. Of assurance, in a conclusion, now, then surely, then, at once, no doubt: si cogites, remittas iam me onerare iniuriis, T.: si iubeat eo dirigi, iam in portu fore classem, L.: iam hoc scitis: quae cum ita sint, ego iam hinc praedico, L.—In transitions, now, moreover, again, once more, then, besides: iam de artificiis... haec fere accepimus: iam illud senatus consultum, quod, etc.: at enim iam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si, etc. —In enumerations, besides, too: et aures... itemque nares... iam gustatus... tactus autem.— Repeated: iam... iam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that, once... again: Qui iam contento, iam laxo fune laborat, H.: iam secundae, iam adversae res, L.—For emphasis, now, precisely, indeed: quem iam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio: cetera iam fabulosa, Ta.—With et: et iam, and indeed, and in fact: et iam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus: et orare et iam liberius accusare.—Rarely with ergo: iam ergo aliquis Condemnavit, in very truth.—After non modo... sed, now, even, I may say: non cum senatu modo, sed iam cum diis bellum gerere, L. —In climax, now, even, indeed, really: iam in opere quis par Romano miles? L.: iam illa perfugia minime sunt audienda.

    Latin-English dictionary > iam

  • 13 summum

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > summum

  • 14 Superi

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Superi

  • 15 superus

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superus

  • 16 suprema

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > suprema

  • 17 supremum

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > supremum

  • 18 supremus

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > supremus

  • 19 Commodus

    1.
    com-mŏdus, a, um, adj., that has a due or proper measure; hence,
    I.
    Object., complete, perfect, of full weight or measure, fit, suitable, due, proper, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

    most freq. in Plaut.): statura,

    a tall stature, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

    capillus,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 98:

    viginti argenti minae,

    full twenty, id. As. 3, 3, 134 (cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 144: minae bonae); id. Merc. 2, 3, 101:

    talentum argenti,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 31; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 266, 27:

    novem cyathis commodis miscentur pocula,

    Hor. C. 3, 19, 12:

    alimenta,

    Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1:

    capitis valetudo commodior,

    more firm, Cels. 8, 1; Quint. 6, 3, 77;

    and transf. to the person: vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse,

    to be better, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 4.—
    II.
    Subject., suitable, fit, convenient, opportune, commodious, easy, appropriate for some one or something, favorable, friendly to (in every period and species of composition); constr. with dat. or absol., rarely with ad (v. the foll.).
    A.
    Of things.
    1.
    With dat.
    a.
    Of the purpose or use:

    curationi omnia commodiora,

    Liv. 30, 19, 5:

    nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho,

    Verg. G. 4, 129.—
    b.
    Of the person:

    hoc et vobis et meae commodum famae arbitror,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 9:

    quod erit mihi bonum et commodum,

    id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

    nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est (corresp. with prodesse),

    Liv. 34, 3, 5:

    primordia eloquentiae mortalibus,

    Tac. Or. 12:

    hanc sibi commodissimam belli rationem judicavit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

    quae sit stella homini commoda, quaeque mala,

    Prop. 2 (3), 27, 4.—
    2.
    Absol.:

    hiberna,

    Liv. 42, 67, 8:

    longius ceterum commodius iter,

    id. 22, 2, 2; cf.:

    commodissimus in Britanniam transjectus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

    commodius anni tempus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 3:

    faciliore ac commodiore judicio,

    Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

    litterae satis commodae de Britannicis rebus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 25:

    mores,

    id. Lael. 15, 54:

    commodissimum esse statuit, omnes naves subduci, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11.—
    3.
    With or without dat. pers. in the phrase commodum est, it pleases, is agreeable, = libet:

    proinde ut commodum est,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 8; 3, 1, 2: dum erit commodum, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 38:

    si id non commodum est,

    id. Eun. 3, 2, 49; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33 Ascon.; 2, 2, 16, § 39; 2, 1, 26, § 65; 2, 3, 70, § 165; id. Div. 1, 49, 111; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87; Plin. Pan. 48, 1:

    id si tibi erit commodum, cures velim,

    Cic. Att. 13, 48, 2; Cels. 4, 4; 4, 22.—
    4.
    With ad and acc. of purpose (very rare):

    nec satis ad cursus commoda vestis Erat,

    Ov. F. 2, 288.—
    5.
    With sup. in u (rare):

    hoc exornationis genus... commodum est auditu,

    Auct. Her. 4, 18, 26.—
    B.
    Of persons, serving a neighbor or (more freq.) accommodating one ' s self to his wishes, useful, serviceable, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, neighborly, friendly, polite, affable, gentle, etc.:

    mihi commodus uni,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 227:

    quemquamne existimas Catone commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?

    Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

    commodior mitiorque,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 39:

    Apronius, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

    convivae,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

    commodus comissator,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8; and:

    commodus meis sodalibus,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 1:

    homines,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 28:

    mulier commoda, Faceta,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 10; cf. id. And. 5, 2, 3.—In a double sense with I. supra:

    ubi tu commoda's, capillum commodum esse credito,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 98.— Poet., of the measure of iambic verse:

    spondeos in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens,

    sharing the paternal rights with them, in a fraternal manner, Hor. A. P. 257.—Hence,
    III.
    Subst.: commŏdum, i, n.
    1.
    A convenient opportunity, favorable condition, convenience (rare, but in good prose):

    nostrum exspectare,

    Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1:

    cum tamdiu sedens meum commodum exspectet,

    id. ib. 14, 2, 3;

    12, 38, 1: velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

    when it shall be convenient for you, id. ib. 12, 28, 3.—More freq.,
    b.
    In the connection commodo meo, tuo, etc., per commodum, ex commodo, at, or according to my, thy, etc., convenience, conveniently, at one ' s leisure:

    etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

    according to our convenience, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

    quod commodo tuo fiat,

    id. Fam. 4, 2, 4; 1, 1, 3; id. Att. 13, 48, 1: suo commodo me convenire, Caes. ap. Cic. ib. 14, 1, 2:

    ubi consul copias per commodum exponere posset,

    Liv. 42, 18, 3:

    tamquam lecturus ex commodo,

    Sen. Ep. 46, 1; Col. 12, 19, 3;

    so opp. festinanter,

    id. 6, 2, 14.—
    2.
    Advantage, profit (very freq. in all periods and species of composition):

    commodum est, quod plus usus habet quam molestiae: bonum sincerum debet esse et ab omni parte innoxium,

    Sen. Ep. 87, 36 sq.:

    ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

    ut ex illius commodo meum compararem commodum,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17; cf. id. Hec. 5, 3, 42; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 23:

    cui tam subito tot congruerint commoda,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

    (honestatem) ipsam suo splendore ad se animos ducere, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7, 15 (IV. 2, p. 470 Orell.): sequi matris commodum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

    pacis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 82, 335:

    contra valetudinis commodum laborare,

    to the injury of health, id. Mur. 23, 47:

    mea,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:

    in publica peccem,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

    populi commoda,

    Nep. Phoc. 4, 1.—
    b.
    Specif., a reward, pay, stipend, salary, wages for public service: veteranorum, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 3:

    omnibus provincialibus ornamentis commodisque depositis,

    emoluments, id. Red. in Sen. 14, 35; Suet. Ner. 32; cf.:

    emeritae militiae,

    id. Calig. 44; id. Aug. 49; cf. also id. Vit. 15; id. Galb. 12:

    militibus commoda dare,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 131 sq.:

    tribunatus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

    missionum,

    Suet. Aug. 49.—
    c.
    A favor, privilege, immunity, Suet. Aug. 31; id. Claud. 19.—
    d.
    A useful thing, a good:

    commoda vitae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; Lucr. 3, 2; cf.:

    cetera opinione bona sunt... proprietas in illis boni non est. Itaque commoda vocentur,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 17:

    inter commoda illas (divitias) numeratis: atqui eādem ratione ne commodum quidem erunt,

    id. ib. 87, 29. —
    e.
    Sometimes commodo or per commodum, adverb. antith. to that which is [p. 382] injurious, without injury or detriment:

    ut regem reducas, quod commodo rei publicae facere possis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

    si per commodum reipublicae posset, Romam venisset,

    Liv. 10, 25, 17.—
    3.
    Concr., = commodatum, that which is lent, a loan:

    qui forum et basilicas commodis hospitum, non furtis nocentium ornarent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 25, 16.—
    B.
    Advv.:
    1.
    commŏdum, adv. temp. (only in colloquial lang. and post-class. prose writers).
    a.
    At a fit time, just in time, at the very nick, at the very moment, opportunely, seasonably ( = opportune, eukairôs):

    ecce autem commodum aperitur foris,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 61:

    commodum adveni domum,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 37:

    orditur loqui,

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 12:

    ipse exit Lesbonicus,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 9: eukairôs ad me venit, cum haberem Dolabellam, Torquatus... commodum egeram diligentissime, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1; Symm. Ep. 2, 47. —
    b.
    To designate a point of time that corresponds with another, or that just precedes it, just, just then, just now.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    ad te hercle ibam commodum,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 3; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

    Taurus, sectatoribus commodum dimissis, sedebat, etc.,

    Gell. 2, 2, 2:

    si istac ibis, commodum obviam venies patri,

    just meet, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 107. —
    (β).
    With postquam or (more freq.) with cum in a parallel clause:

    postquam me misisti ad portum cum luci simul, Commodum radiosus ecce sol superabat ex mari,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

    quom huc respicio ad virginem, Illa sese interea commodum huc advorterat,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 52:

    commodum discesseras heri, cum Trebatius venit,

    Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

    emerseram commodum ex Antiati in Appiam, cum in me incurrit Curio,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 2 B. and K. (al. commode); so with the pluperf. and a foll. cum, id. ib. 13, 19, 1; 13, 30, 2; 10, 16, 1; App. M. 1, p. 107, 15:

    adducitur a Veneriis Lollius commodum cum Apronius e palaestrā redisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 B. and K. (Zumpt, commode):

    cum jam filiae nostrae dies natalis appeteret, commodum aderant, quae muneri miseratis,

    Symm. Ep. 3, 50. —
    2.
    commŏdŏ, adv. temp., = commodum, a., just in time, seasonably, just at this time (ante-class. and very rare): commodo eccum exit, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P. (i. e. in tempore, Charis.): commodo de parte superiore descendebat, Sisenn. ib.: commodo dictitemus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 174; cf. id. ib. p. 177.—
    3.
    commŏdē, adv.
    a.
    (Acc. to commodus, I.) Duly, properly, completely, rightly, well, skilfully, neatly, etc. (class.):

    suo quique loco viden' capillus satis compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97: commode amictus non sum, id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 3:

    saltare, Nep. praef. § 1: legere,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 3; cf. in comp., id. ib. 9, 34, 1:

    multa breviter et commode dicta,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf. id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 20; 1, 2, 33 al.:

    cogitare,

    id. Heaut. prol. 14:

    audire,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

    valere,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11:

    feceris commode mihique gratum, si, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 3 fin.:

    commode facere, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 11, 7, 7; in comp.:

    commodius fecissent tribuni plebis, si, etc.,

    id. Agr. 3, 1, 1.—In medic.:

    commode facere,

    to do well, be beneficial, Cels. 4, 12.—
    b.
    (Acc. to commodus, II.)
    (α).
    Conveniently, suitably, opportunely, fitly, aptly, appropriately:

    magis commode quam strenue navigavi,

    Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

    ille satis scite et commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

    vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

    id. ib. 14, 7, 2:

    explorat, quo commodissime itinere valles transiri possit,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.:

    hoc ego commodius quam tu vivo,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 110; cf.:

    consumere vitiatum commodius quam integrum,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 91; Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    cui commodissime subjungitur,

    id. 9, 3, 82; cf. id. 4, 1, 76.—
    (β).
    In a friendly manner, pleasantly, gently, kindly:

    acceptae bene et commode eximus,

    Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 1; id. Poen. 1, 2, 190; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 48.—
    c.
    (Equiv. to commodum, adv. b.) Just, just at the moment when, etc.; only v.l. in the doubtful passages cited supra, commodum, b. fin.
    2.
    Commŏdus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; so L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, Roman emperor, Lampr. Commod. 1 sq.; Eutr. 8, 15 al.—Hence,
    1.
    Commŏdĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Commodus: horti, Lampr. Commod. 8:

    thermae,

    Spart. Nigid. 6 al. —
    2.
    Commŏ-dĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

    Nonae,

    Lampr. Commod. 12; cf. id. ib. 11.—
    3.
    Commŏ-dus, a, um, adj., the same: mensis, i. e. August, which Commodus wished to name after himself, Lampr. Commod. 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Commodus

  • 20 commodus

    1.
    com-mŏdus, a, um, adj., that has a due or proper measure; hence,
    I.
    Object., complete, perfect, of full weight or measure, fit, suitable, due, proper, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

    most freq. in Plaut.): statura,

    a tall stature, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

    capillus,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 98:

    viginti argenti minae,

    full twenty, id. As. 3, 3, 134 (cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 144: minae bonae); id. Merc. 2, 3, 101:

    talentum argenti,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 31; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 266, 27:

    novem cyathis commodis miscentur pocula,

    Hor. C. 3, 19, 12:

    alimenta,

    Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1:

    capitis valetudo commodior,

    more firm, Cels. 8, 1; Quint. 6, 3, 77;

    and transf. to the person: vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse,

    to be better, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 4.—
    II.
    Subject., suitable, fit, convenient, opportune, commodious, easy, appropriate for some one or something, favorable, friendly to (in every period and species of composition); constr. with dat. or absol., rarely with ad (v. the foll.).
    A.
    Of things.
    1.
    With dat.
    a.
    Of the purpose or use:

    curationi omnia commodiora,

    Liv. 30, 19, 5:

    nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho,

    Verg. G. 4, 129.—
    b.
    Of the person:

    hoc et vobis et meae commodum famae arbitror,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 9:

    quod erit mihi bonum et commodum,

    id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

    nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est (corresp. with prodesse),

    Liv. 34, 3, 5:

    primordia eloquentiae mortalibus,

    Tac. Or. 12:

    hanc sibi commodissimam belli rationem judicavit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

    quae sit stella homini commoda, quaeque mala,

    Prop. 2 (3), 27, 4.—
    2.
    Absol.:

    hiberna,

    Liv. 42, 67, 8:

    longius ceterum commodius iter,

    id. 22, 2, 2; cf.:

    commodissimus in Britanniam transjectus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

    commodius anni tempus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 3:

    faciliore ac commodiore judicio,

    Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

    litterae satis commodae de Britannicis rebus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 25:

    mores,

    id. Lael. 15, 54:

    commodissimum esse statuit, omnes naves subduci, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11.—
    3.
    With or without dat. pers. in the phrase commodum est, it pleases, is agreeable, = libet:

    proinde ut commodum est,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 8; 3, 1, 2: dum erit commodum, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 38:

    si id non commodum est,

    id. Eun. 3, 2, 49; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33 Ascon.; 2, 2, 16, § 39; 2, 1, 26, § 65; 2, 3, 70, § 165; id. Div. 1, 49, 111; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87; Plin. Pan. 48, 1:

    id si tibi erit commodum, cures velim,

    Cic. Att. 13, 48, 2; Cels. 4, 4; 4, 22.—
    4.
    With ad and acc. of purpose (very rare):

    nec satis ad cursus commoda vestis Erat,

    Ov. F. 2, 288.—
    5.
    With sup. in u (rare):

    hoc exornationis genus... commodum est auditu,

    Auct. Her. 4, 18, 26.—
    B.
    Of persons, serving a neighbor or (more freq.) accommodating one ' s self to his wishes, useful, serviceable, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, neighborly, friendly, polite, affable, gentle, etc.:

    mihi commodus uni,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 227:

    quemquamne existimas Catone commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?

    Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

    commodior mitiorque,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 39:

    Apronius, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

    convivae,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

    commodus comissator,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8; and:

    commodus meis sodalibus,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 1:

    homines,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 28:

    mulier commoda, Faceta,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 10; cf. id. And. 5, 2, 3.—In a double sense with I. supra:

    ubi tu commoda's, capillum commodum esse credito,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 98.— Poet., of the measure of iambic verse:

    spondeos in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens,

    sharing the paternal rights with them, in a fraternal manner, Hor. A. P. 257.—Hence,
    III.
    Subst.: commŏdum, i, n.
    1.
    A convenient opportunity, favorable condition, convenience (rare, but in good prose):

    nostrum exspectare,

    Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1:

    cum tamdiu sedens meum commodum exspectet,

    id. ib. 14, 2, 3;

    12, 38, 1: velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

    when it shall be convenient for you, id. ib. 12, 28, 3.—More freq.,
    b.
    In the connection commodo meo, tuo, etc., per commodum, ex commodo, at, or according to my, thy, etc., convenience, conveniently, at one ' s leisure:

    etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

    according to our convenience, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

    quod commodo tuo fiat,

    id. Fam. 4, 2, 4; 1, 1, 3; id. Att. 13, 48, 1: suo commodo me convenire, Caes. ap. Cic. ib. 14, 1, 2:

    ubi consul copias per commodum exponere posset,

    Liv. 42, 18, 3:

    tamquam lecturus ex commodo,

    Sen. Ep. 46, 1; Col. 12, 19, 3;

    so opp. festinanter,

    id. 6, 2, 14.—
    2.
    Advantage, profit (very freq. in all periods and species of composition):

    commodum est, quod plus usus habet quam molestiae: bonum sincerum debet esse et ab omni parte innoxium,

    Sen. Ep. 87, 36 sq.:

    ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

    ut ex illius commodo meum compararem commodum,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17; cf. id. Hec. 5, 3, 42; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 23:

    cui tam subito tot congruerint commoda,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

    (honestatem) ipsam suo splendore ad se animos ducere, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7, 15 (IV. 2, p. 470 Orell.): sequi matris commodum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

    pacis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 82, 335:

    contra valetudinis commodum laborare,

    to the injury of health, id. Mur. 23, 47:

    mea,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:

    in publica peccem,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

    populi commoda,

    Nep. Phoc. 4, 1.—
    b.
    Specif., a reward, pay, stipend, salary, wages for public service: veteranorum, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 3:

    omnibus provincialibus ornamentis commodisque depositis,

    emoluments, id. Red. in Sen. 14, 35; Suet. Ner. 32; cf.:

    emeritae militiae,

    id. Calig. 44; id. Aug. 49; cf. also id. Vit. 15; id. Galb. 12:

    militibus commoda dare,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 131 sq.:

    tribunatus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

    missionum,

    Suet. Aug. 49.—
    c.
    A favor, privilege, immunity, Suet. Aug. 31; id. Claud. 19.—
    d.
    A useful thing, a good:

    commoda vitae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; Lucr. 3, 2; cf.:

    cetera opinione bona sunt... proprietas in illis boni non est. Itaque commoda vocentur,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 17:

    inter commoda illas (divitias) numeratis: atqui eādem ratione ne commodum quidem erunt,

    id. ib. 87, 29. —
    e.
    Sometimes commodo or per commodum, adverb. antith. to that which is [p. 382] injurious, without injury or detriment:

    ut regem reducas, quod commodo rei publicae facere possis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

    si per commodum reipublicae posset, Romam venisset,

    Liv. 10, 25, 17.—
    3.
    Concr., = commodatum, that which is lent, a loan:

    qui forum et basilicas commodis hospitum, non furtis nocentium ornarent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 25, 16.—
    B.
    Advv.:
    1.
    commŏdum, adv. temp. (only in colloquial lang. and post-class. prose writers).
    a.
    At a fit time, just in time, at the very nick, at the very moment, opportunely, seasonably ( = opportune, eukairôs):

    ecce autem commodum aperitur foris,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 61:

    commodum adveni domum,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 37:

    orditur loqui,

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 12:

    ipse exit Lesbonicus,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 9: eukairôs ad me venit, cum haberem Dolabellam, Torquatus... commodum egeram diligentissime, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1; Symm. Ep. 2, 47. —
    b.
    To designate a point of time that corresponds with another, or that just precedes it, just, just then, just now.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    ad te hercle ibam commodum,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 3; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

    Taurus, sectatoribus commodum dimissis, sedebat, etc.,

    Gell. 2, 2, 2:

    si istac ibis, commodum obviam venies patri,

    just meet, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 107. —
    (β).
    With postquam or (more freq.) with cum in a parallel clause:

    postquam me misisti ad portum cum luci simul, Commodum radiosus ecce sol superabat ex mari,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

    quom huc respicio ad virginem, Illa sese interea commodum huc advorterat,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 52:

    commodum discesseras heri, cum Trebatius venit,

    Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

    emerseram commodum ex Antiati in Appiam, cum in me incurrit Curio,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 2 B. and K. (al. commode); so with the pluperf. and a foll. cum, id. ib. 13, 19, 1; 13, 30, 2; 10, 16, 1; App. M. 1, p. 107, 15:

    adducitur a Veneriis Lollius commodum cum Apronius e palaestrā redisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 B. and K. (Zumpt, commode):

    cum jam filiae nostrae dies natalis appeteret, commodum aderant, quae muneri miseratis,

    Symm. Ep. 3, 50. —
    2.
    commŏdŏ, adv. temp., = commodum, a., just in time, seasonably, just at this time (ante-class. and very rare): commodo eccum exit, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P. (i. e. in tempore, Charis.): commodo de parte superiore descendebat, Sisenn. ib.: commodo dictitemus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 174; cf. id. ib. p. 177.—
    3.
    commŏdē, adv.
    a.
    (Acc. to commodus, I.) Duly, properly, completely, rightly, well, skilfully, neatly, etc. (class.):

    suo quique loco viden' capillus satis compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97: commode amictus non sum, id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 3:

    saltare, Nep. praef. § 1: legere,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 3; cf. in comp., id. ib. 9, 34, 1:

    multa breviter et commode dicta,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf. id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 20; 1, 2, 33 al.:

    cogitare,

    id. Heaut. prol. 14:

    audire,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

    valere,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11:

    feceris commode mihique gratum, si, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 3 fin.:

    commode facere, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 11, 7, 7; in comp.:

    commodius fecissent tribuni plebis, si, etc.,

    id. Agr. 3, 1, 1.—In medic.:

    commode facere,

    to do well, be beneficial, Cels. 4, 12.—
    b.
    (Acc. to commodus, II.)
    (α).
    Conveniently, suitably, opportunely, fitly, aptly, appropriately:

    magis commode quam strenue navigavi,

    Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

    ille satis scite et commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

    vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

    id. ib. 14, 7, 2:

    explorat, quo commodissime itinere valles transiri possit,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.:

    hoc ego commodius quam tu vivo,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 110; cf.:

    consumere vitiatum commodius quam integrum,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 91; Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    cui commodissime subjungitur,

    id. 9, 3, 82; cf. id. 4, 1, 76.—
    (β).
    In a friendly manner, pleasantly, gently, kindly:

    acceptae bene et commode eximus,

    Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 1; id. Poen. 1, 2, 190; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 48.—
    c.
    (Equiv. to commodum, adv. b.) Just, just at the moment when, etc.; only v.l. in the doubtful passages cited supra, commodum, b. fin.
    2.
    Commŏdus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; so L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, Roman emperor, Lampr. Commod. 1 sq.; Eutr. 8, 15 al.—Hence,
    1.
    Commŏdĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Commodus: horti, Lampr. Commod. 8:

    thermae,

    Spart. Nigid. 6 al. —
    2.
    Commŏ-dĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

    Nonae,

    Lampr. Commod. 12; cf. id. ib. 11.—
    3.
    Commŏ-dus, a, um, adj., the same: mensis, i. e. August, which Commodus wished to name after himself, Lampr. Commod. 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > commodus

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